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CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2010
Petroleum Distillates & Solvents
Treatment.
Topics Discussed: petroleum distillate poisoning; poisoning; toxic effects of solvents and vapors.
Excerpt:
"
Petroleum distillate toxicity may occur from inhalation of the vapor or as a result of pulmonary aspiration of the liquid during or after ingestion. Acute manifestations of aspiration pneumonitis are vomiting, coughing, and bronchopneumonia. Some hydrocarbons—ie, those with aromatic or halogenated subunits—can also cause severe systemic poisoning after oral ingestion. Hydrocarbons can also cause systemic intoxication by inhalation. Vertigo, muscular incoordination, irregular pulse, myoclonus, and seizures occur with serious poisoning and may be due to hypoxemia or the systemic effects of the agents. Chlorinated and fluorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene, Freons, etc) and many other hydrocarbons can cause ventricular arrhythmias due to increased sensitivity of the myocardium to the effects of endogenous catecholamines.Remove the patient to fresh air. For simple aliphatic hydrocarbon
ingestion, gastric emptying and activated charcoal are not recommended,
but these procedures may be indicated if the preparation contains toxic
solutes (eg, an insecticide) or is an aromatic or halogenated product.
Observe the victim for 6–8 hours for signs of aspiration
pneumonitis (cough, localized rales or rhonchi, tachypnea,..."
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