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MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology
| Part X. Miscellaneous Tumors > |
Chapter 31. Endocrine Malignancies
Sections: Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma, Pheochromocytoma, Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Parathyroid Carcinoma, References.
Topics Discussed: endocrine gland neoplasms.
Excerpt:
"Carcinoma of the thyroid gland is the most common endocrine malignancy,
accounting for 1.6% of all new malignant disease (1). It
has a prevalence of 180,000, and approximately 22,000 new cases
of thyroid carcinoma will be diagnosed in the United States in 2003
alone (1,2). Despite the generally good prognosis of thyroid carcinoma,
5 to 10% of patients will die of the disease (1,3,4). Differentiated
thyroid carcinomas, those that derive from the follicular epithelial
cells (papillary and follicular), account for 94% of these
malignancies; 5% are medullary thyroid cancers, a neuroendocrine
tumor derived from C cells in the thyroid gland; and the remaining
1% are anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.The most common presentation of a patient with thyroid carcinoma
is the presence of a solitary thyroid nodule found either on physical
examination or discovered as an incidental nodule on imaging studies
performed for other purposes. Cytologic examination of a fine-needle
aspirate of a nodule more than 1 cm in diameter is the most appropriate
first diagnostic procedure. Papillary, medullary, and anaplastic
carcinomas can be readily diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA), but
distinguishing benign..."
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