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DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination, 9e
Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue Signs
Sections: General Signs, Key Sign Painless Nodules Near Joints or Tendons, Synovial cyst, mucoid cyst, Bursitis, Key Sign Noisy Joints, Key Sign Muscle Tenderness, Key Sign Increased Joint Mobility, Axial Musculoskeletal Signs, Neck Signs, Key Sign Neck Pain, Key Sign Posttraumatic Neck Pain, Thoracolumbar Spine and Pelvis Signs, Dorsal protrusion from the spine—spina bifida cystica, Scoliosis, Kyphosis, Backward spinal curvature—lordosis, Key Sign Low Back Pain with Spinal Indentation—Spondylolisthesis, Key Sign Posttraumatic Mid-Back Pain, Key Syndrome Chronic Back Pain—Ankylosing Spondylitis, Appendicular Skeleton, Joint, Ligament, Tendon, and Soft-Tissue Signs, Finger Signs, Thumb pain following a fall—ulnar collateral ligament sprain, Key Sign Painless Nodules on the Interphalangeal Joints—Heberden and Bouchard Nodes, Key Sign Clubbing of the Fingers, Demonstrating clubbing, CLUBBING—CLINICAL OCCURRENCE, Key Sign Finger Swelling, Dactylitis, sausage digits, Fusiform monarticular swelling—sprain of an interphalangeal joint, Localized swelling over a joint—synovial or mucous cyst, Key Sign Finger Deformity, Key Sign Tight Skin—Sclerodactyly, Key Sign Digital Infection, Key Sign Nodules in Finger Pads, Circulatory disorders of the fingers, Key Sign Fingernail Signs, Palm Signs, Yellow palms—carotenemia, Granular palms—hyperkeratoses, Key Sign Thenar Wasting, Key Sign Hypothenar Wasting, Key Sign Localized Thickening of Palmar Fascia—Dupuytren's Contracture, Key Sign Hand Infections, Painful palmar and digital swelling—acute suppurative flexor tenosynovitis, Key Sign Painful Palmar Swelling—Fracture of a Metacarpal Bone, Hand and Wrist Signs, Key Sign Swelling of the Wrist, Numbness, tingling, and pain in the hand—carpal tunnel syndrome (compression neuropathy of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel), Key Sign Normal and Abnormal Hand Posture, Position of anatomic rest, Key Sign Dupuytren Contracture (Palmar Fibrosis), Key Sign Large Hands, Large hands—HOA, Enlargement of one hand—hemihypertrophy and local gigantism, Key Sign Long, Slender Hands—Spider Fingers (Arachnodactyly, Marfan Syndrome), Key Sign Interosseous Wasting, Key Sign Swelling of the Dorsum, Key Sign Pain in Ulnar Side of Hand—Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome, Forearm and Elbow Signs, Key Sign Forearm Pain and Weakness—Flexor Compartment Syndrome and Volkmann Ischemic Contracture, Key Sign Forearm Deformity, Smooth Forearm Curvature—Diseases of Osseous Growth, Key Sign Posttraumatic Elbow Pain, Deformity of the Elbow—Cubitus Valgus and Varus, Key Sign Swelling of the Elbow, Key Sign Elbow Pain, Upper Arm Signs, Key Sign Pain in the Upper Arm, Shoulder Signs, Key Sign Deficits of Arm Abduction, Partial rupture of the supraspinatus tendon, supraspinatus tendinitis, and subacromial bursitis—pain between 60 degrees and 120 degrees of abduction (painful arc, impingement sign), Key Sign Restriction of All Shoulder Motions—Trauma and Arthritis, Key Sign Painful Nodules in Shoulder Muscles—Trigger Points, Shoulder-pad Sign—Amyloidosis, Winged Scapula—Paralysis of the Long Thoracic Nerve, Conditions of the Entire Upper Limb, Flail arm, Spastic arm, Hip, Buttock, and Thigh Signs, Key Sign Sacral Pain, Key Sign Ischial Tuberosity Pain and Ischiogluteal Bursitis, Key Sign Painless Limping—Osteonecrosis, Aseptic Hip Necrosis, Key Sign Pain in the Hip, Key Sign Pain and Limping—Chronic Hip Dislocation, Key Sign Posttraumatic Hip Pain, Key Sign Mass in the Femoral Triangle, Knee Signs, Key Sign Painless Unilateral Knee Deformity, Neurogenic Arthropathy (Charcot Joint), Key Sign Knee Swelling, Key Sign Medial Knee Pain—Anserine Bursitis, Key Sign Anterior Knee Pain, Key Sign Posttraumatic Patellar Pain, Key Sign Knee Pain and Recurrent Locking—Loose Body in the Joint, Subacute and Chronic Knee Pain—Osteonecrosis and Stress Fractures, Key Sign Posttraumatic Knee Pain, Leg Signs, Key Sign Posttraumatic Calf Pain, Key Sign Posttraumatic Leg and Calf Pain, Thickened achilles tendon, Ankle Signs, Key Sign Swelling of the Ankle Joint—Joint Effusion, Key Sign Posttraumatic Ankle Pain, Foot Signs, Nodules in the Foot—Fibroma, Key Sign Deformed Foot, Key Sign Posttraumatic Heel Pain—Calcaneal Fracture, Key Sign Pain in the Heel, Key Sign Metatarsal Pain, Localized Swelling on the Dorsum—Ganglion, Pain in the Instep—Infection in the Deep Fascial Spaces, Contracture of plantar fascia, Key Sign Lateral Deviation of the Great Toe—Hallux Valgus, Key Sign Stiffened Great Toe—Hallux Rigidus, Key Sign Deformity of the Second to Fifth Toes—Hammertoes, Painful Swelling of a Toe—Fractured Phalanx, Key Sign Painful Swelling of the Metatarsal Phalangeal Joint—Gout, Toenail Signs, Muscle Signs, Key Sign Muscular Wasting, Key Sign Muscle Contracture, Key Sign Muscle Hypertrophy, Key Sign Muscle Masses, Key Sign Trigger Points—Myofascial Pain, Key Sign Tender Points—Fibromyalgia.
Topics Discussed: achilles tendon; acquired deformity of finger; acromegaly; acromioclavicular joint subluxation; amyloidosis; ankle injuries; ankle joint effusion; anterior compartment syndrome; anterior knee pain; anterior shoulder dislocation; arthritis, wrist; arthropathy, neurogenic; athetosis; avascular osteonecrosis; back of hand; back pain; beals syndrome; bicipital tendonitis; bone structure of radius; bone structure of ulna; bouchard's node; bursitis; bursitis, iliopsoas; bursitis, prepatellar; carpal spasm; carpal tunnel syndrome; cauda equina syndrome; cervical spine disease; cervical spine injury; chondromalacia patellae; clubbing; colles' fracture; common peroneal nerve; compartment syndrome of forearm; compression fracture of vertebral column; contracture; coronoid fracture; curvature of spine; diabetic hand syndrome; digital mucous cyst; digitotalar dysmorphism; dislocated spine; dorsal interosseous muscle of hand; dupuytren's contracture; ehlers-danlos syndrome; elbow arthritis; elbow injury; elbow joint; elbow joint effusion; elbow pain; epiphyses, slipped; extensor pollicis longus muscle; fasciitis, plantar; fat pad; femoral neck fractures; femoral shaft fracture; fibroma; fibromyalgia; fibular fractures; finger injuries, interphalangeal; finger web space infection; finkelstein's test; flail arm; flatfoot; flexion deformity; flexor tenosynovitis, carpi radialis; flexor tenosynovitis, finger; foot deformities; foot rot; forearm injuries; foreign body in knee; fracture of anatomical neck of humerus; fracture of calcaneus; fracture of clavicle; fracture of forearm; fracture of olecranon; fracture of radial head; fracture of scapula; fracture of spinous process of vertebra; fracture, metacarpal; fracture, phalanx; fractured transverse process; frozen shoulder; gamekeeper's thumb; ganglion, wrist, dorsal; ganglion, wrist, palmar; glenohumeral arthritis; gunstock deformity; hallux limitus; hallux valgus; hammer toe; hand deformities; hand deformities, congenital; hand deformity claw hand; hand position; heberden's node; heel pain; hematoma, intramuscular; herniated disc; hip dislocation; hip examination; hip fracture; hip injuries; hip pain; humeral fractures; humerus injuries; hyperextension injury; hyperextension sprain of cervical spine; hypermobility syndrome; hypertrophic osteoarthropathy; hypothenar muscle; infection of finger; infections of the hand; infrapatellar bursitis; intrinsic muscle of hand; ischial tuberosity; ischiogluteal bursitis; janeway lesion; jefferson fracture; knee injuries; knee joint effusion; kyphosis deformity of spine; limb; lipomatosis; lordosis; low back pain; lower leg injury; mallet finger; marfan syndrome; medial epicondylitis; medial meniscus; meningocele; metatarsal fracture and dislocation; metatarsalgia; morton's metatarsalgia; muscle hypertrophy; muscle spasticity; muscular atrophy; musculoskeletal system; myalgia; myofascial pain syndromes; myomatous neoplasm; neck fracture, scapular; neck injuries; neck pain; neck stiffness; noises in joint; odontoid fracture; olecranon bursitis; osler's node; osteoarthritis, hip; osteonecrosis; overgrowth of upper limb; palmar space infection, hypothenar; palmar space infection, thenar; palmoplantar keratosis; pancoast's syndrome; paronychia; paronychia, chronic; patellar dislocation; patellar fracture; patellar injury; patellar tendonitis; pelvis; peroneal tendinitis; peroneal tendon injury; pes anserinus bursitis; plantar fascia of foot; popliteal artery aneurysm; popliteal cyst; prayer sign; psoas abscess; pulled elbow; pulp abscess of finger; puncture wound of foot; pyogenic arthritis of hip; radiculopathy, cervical; radius fractures; rectus femoris muscle; retrocalcaneal bursitis; reversed colles' fracture; rupture of achilles tendon; rupture of anterior cruciate ligament; rupture of biceps tendon; rupture of gastrocnemius muscle; rupture of lateral collateral ligament; rupture of medial ankle ligament; rupture of medial collateral ligament; rupture of patellar tendon; rupture of posterior cruciate ligament; sacral pain; sacroiliac sprain; sacroiliitis; sclerodactyly; scoliosis; semimembranosus bursitis; shoulder dislocation; shoulder joint - range of movement; shoulder mobility impairment; shoulder pain; sickle cell dactylitis; soleus muscle rupture; spina bifida cystica; spinal tuberculosis; spine; spondylolisthesis; sprain of ankle; sternoclavicular joint; stress fracture of the metatarsals; stress fractures; subacromial bursitis; subcutaneous nodule; subluxation of peroneal tendon; supraspinatus tendinitis; supraspinitus tear; swelling of finger; swelling of hands (finding); swollen wrists; synovial cyst; tarsal tunnel syndrome; tear of medial meniscus of knee; tendonitis, wrist; thoracic back pain; tibial fractures; tibial tubercle injury; trendelenburg sign; trigger point; ulna fractures; ulnar tunnel syndrome; volkmann contracture; whiplash injuries; winged scapula; wristdrop.
Excerpt:
"Several diseases produce painless nodules in joint capsules, tendons, ligaments, or the surrounding connective tissue. Subcutaneous nodules of rheumatoid arthritis are usually over bony prominences in the periosteum or the deeper layers of the skin. Gouty tophi, although usually in bursae, are also formed in the Achilles tendon and the pinna of the ear. Subcutaneous nodules of rheumaticfever are freely movable and occur especially over bony prominences or tendons. The diagnostic xanthomas of hypercholesterolemia occur in tendons of the hands and in the Achilles tendon and patellar tendon. Juxtaarticular nodes (Jeanselme nodules) occur near joints in syphilis, yaws, and other treponemal diseases. Periarticular calcium deposits occur in the CREST syndrome and tumoral calcinosis.These are either bursae or tendon sheaths distended by fluid or protrusion cysts herniated by hydrostatic pressure from joint capsules. They are usually nontender and fluctuant. The protrusion cysts may collapse under pressure. Synovial cysts occur in the course of RA, usually on the dorsal aspects of the PIP joints. In osteoarthritis,..."
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