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CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2013
Signs of Heart Disease
Sections: Appearance, Vital Signs, Peripheral Pulses & Venous Pulsations, Pulmonary Examination, Precordial Pulsations, Heart Sounds & Murmurs, Edema.
Topics Discussed: atrial septal defect; blood pressure; carotid bruit; carotid pulse; central venous pressure, measurement of; cheyne-stokes respiration; congestive heart failure; cyanosis; diastolic murmur; ejection click; ejection murmurs; first heart sound, s1; fourth heart sound; heart diseases; heart murmur; heart rate; heart sounds; hepatojugular reflux; midsystolic click; mitral valve insufficiency; mitral valve prolapse; murmur, late systolic; pallor; pansystolic murmur; pleural effusion; primary pulmonary hypertension; pulmonary edema; pulmonary hypertension; pulmonary valve insufficiency; pulsus alternans; pulsus paradoxus; rales; rhonchi; second heart sound split; second heart sound, s2; sweating; systolic heart murmur; tachypnea; third heart sound; tricuspid valve endocarditis; tricuspid valve insufficiency; ventricular septal defect; weight reduction; wheezing.
Excerpt:"Although the cardiovascular examination centers on the heart,
peripheral signs often provide important information.
Although cardiac patients may appear healthy and comfortable
at rest, many with acute myocardial infarction appear anxious and
restless. Diaphoresis may result from hypotension due to pericardial
tamponade, tachyarrhythmias, myocardial infarction, or the presence
of a high vagal state. Cold and clammy skin or pallor suggests low
cardiac output and may be a sign of cardiogenic shock or anemia.
Patients with severe chronic CHF or other long-standing low cardiac
output states may appear cachectic.
..."
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