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CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2013
Chapter 23. Urologic Disorders
Sections: Urologic Evaluation, Hematuria, Genitourinary Tract Infections, Genitourinary Tract Infections: Introduction, Acute Cystitis, Acute Pyelonephritis, Acute Bacterial Prostatitis, Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis, Nonbacterial Prostatitis, Prostatodynia, Acute Epididymitis, Interstitial Cystitis, Urinary Stone Disease, Male Erectile Dysfunction & Sexual Dysfunction, Male Infertility, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.
Topics Discussed: urology.
Excerpt:"Pain in the genitourinary tract is usually associated with distention of a hollow viscus (ureteral obstruction, urinary retention) or the capsule of an organ (acute prostatitis, acute pyelonephritis). Pain may be local or referred. Pain associated with malignancy is usually a late manifestation and indicative of advanced disease.Pain of renal origin is usually located in the ipsilateral costovertebral angle. It may radiate to the umbilicus and may be referred to the ipsilateral testicle in men or the labium in women. With infection, the pain is typically constant, whereas with obstruction it may come and go. Nausea and vomiting may result from reflex stimulation of the celiac ganglion. Patients with intraperitoneal pathology will typically lie motionless to avoid pain, while patients with kidney disease will move about to try to find a more comfortable position.The pallor of anemia and cachexia may be seen in malignancy.
Gynecomastia may occur with testicular carcinomas, adrenal tumors,
or as a complication of androgen deprivation therapy for prostatic
cancer. Hypertension can be a result of renovascular disease or
adrenal cancer.Because of the liver, the right kidney is lower than the left. The lower pole of the right..."
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