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Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e
| Section IV. Inflammation, Immunomodulation, and Hematopoiesis > |
Chapter 35. Immunosuppressants, Tolerogens, and Immunostimulants
Sections: The Immune Response, Immunosuppression, Tolerance, Immunostimulation, A Case Study: Immunotherapy for Multiple Sclerosis, Clinical Summary, Bibliography.
Topics Discussed: immunocompromised host, infection in; immunosuppressive agents.
Excerpt:"The immune system evolved to discriminate self from nonself. Multicellular organisms were faced with the problem of destroying infectious invaders (microbes) or dysregulated self (tumors) while leaving normal cells intact. These organisms responded by developing a robust array of receptor-mediated sensing and effector mechanisms broadly described as innate and adaptive. Innate, or natural, immunity is primitive, does not require priming, and is of relatively low affinity, but is broadly reactive. Adaptive, or learned, immunity is antigen specific, depends on antigen exposure or priming, and can be of very high affinity. The two arms of immunity work closely together, with the innate immune system being most active early in an immune response and adaptive immunity becoming progressively dominant over time. The major effectors of innate immunity are complement, granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, natural killer cells, mast cells, and basophils. The major effectors of adaptive immunity are B and T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes make antibodies; T lymphocytes function as helper, cytolytic, and regulatory (suppressor) cells. These cells are important in the normal immune response to infection and tumors but also mediate transplant rejection and auto-immunity. Immunoglobulins (antibodies) on..."
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