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Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e
| Section V. Hormones and Hormone Antagonists > |
Chapter 40. Estrogens and Progestins
Sections: Estrogens and Progestins: Introduction, Estrogens, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators and Anti-Estrogens, Progestins, Physiological and Pharmacological Actions, Anti-Progestins and Progesterone-Receptor Modulators, Hormonal Contraceptives, Clinical Summary, Bibliography.
Topics Discussed: drugs affecting the endocrine system; hormones and hormone antagonists; insulin; oral contraceptives; corticosteroids; vasopressin; estrogen; hormone therapy in women; progestins.
Excerpt:"Estrogens and progestins are endogenous hormones that produce numerous physiological actions. In women, these include developmental effects, neuroendocrine actions involved in the control of ovulation, the cyclical preparation of the reproductive tract for fertilization and implantation, and major actions on mineral, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Estrogens also have important actions in males, including effects on bone, spermatogenesis, and behavior. The biosynthesis, biotransformation, and disposition of estrogens and progestins are well established. Two well-characterized receptors are present for each hormone, and there is evidence that the receptors mediate biological actions in both the unliganded and steroid hormone-liganded states.The hormonal nature of the ovarian control of the female reproductive system was firmly established in 1900 by Knauer when he found that ovarian transplants prevented the symptoms of gonadectomy, and by Halban, who showed that normal sexual development and function occurred when glands were transplanted. In 1923, Allen and Doisy devised a bioassay for ovarian extracts based on the vaginal smear of the rat. Frank and associates in 1925 detected an active sex principle in the blood of sows in estrus,..."
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