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Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e
| Section VII. Chemotherapy of Microbial Diseases > |
Chapter 49. Chemotherapy of Malaria
Sections: Chemotherapy of Malaria: Introduction, Biology of Malarial Infection, Classification of Antimalarial Agents, Artemisinin and Derivatives, Atovaquone, Diaminopyrimidines, Proguanil, Quinolines and Related Compounds, Sulfonamides and Sulfones, Tetracyclines and Other Antibiotic Agents, Principles and Guidelines for Chemoprophylaxis and Chemotherapy of Malaria, Clinical Summary, Bibliography.
Topics Discussed: antimalarials; parasitic diseases; pharmacotherapy of infectious diseases.
Excerpt:"Malaria affects about a quarter of a billion people and leads to almost 900,000 deaths annually (World Health Organization, 2009). This disease is caused by infection with single-celled protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Five Plasmodium spp. are known to infect humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi.P. falciparum and P. vivax cause most of the malarial infections worldwide. Of these, P. falciparum accounts for the majority of the burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa and is associated with the most severe disease. P. vivax accounts for half of the malaria burden in South and East Asia and >80% of the malarial infections in the America. Malaria due to P. ovale and P. malariae is relatively uncommon but requires identification both for treatment (P. ovale, like P. vivax, forms hypnozoites with the potential for relapse) and for epidemiological purposes (malarial infection, due mostly to P. malariae, can arise from blood transfusion). P. knowlesi, previously thought to infect only nonhuman primates, has emerged as a zoonotic malarial parasite and now is an important, sometimes lethal, cause of human malaria in parts of Southeast Asia (including..."
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