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Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e
| Section VII. Chemotherapy of Microbial Diseases > |
Chapter 52. Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Quinolones, and Agents for UrinaryTract Infections
Sections: Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, The Quinolones, Antiseptic and Analgesic Agents for Urinary Tract Infections, Bibliography.
Topics Discussed: antimicrobials; chemistry of antibacterial agents; pharmacotherapy of infectious diseases; therapy of microbial diseases; bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infections; urinary tract infections and prostatitis.
Excerpt:"The sulfonamide drugs were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents to be employed systemically for the prevention and cure of bacterial infections in humans. The considerable medical and public health importance of their discovery and their subsequent widespread use was quickly reflected in the sharp decline in morbidity and mortality figures for treatable infectious diseases. The advent of penicillin and subsequently of other antibiotics has diminished the usefulness of the sulfonamides, and they presently occupy a relatively small place in the therapeutic armamentarium of the physician. However, the introduction in the mid-1970s of the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole has increased the use of sulfonamides for the prophylaxis and treatment of specific microbial infections.Resistance to sulfonamides is increasingly a problem. Microorganisms that may be susceptible in vitro to sulfonamides include Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Calymmato-bacterium granulomatis, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) range from 0.1  g/mL for C. trachomatis to 4-64..."
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