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Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e
| Section VII. Chemotherapy of Microbial Diseases > |
Chapter 54. Aminoglycosides
Sections: Aminoglycosides: Introduction, History and Source, Chemistry, Mechanism of Action, Microbial Resistance to the Aminoglycosides, Antibacterial Spectrum of the Aminoglycosides, Absorption, Distribution, Dosing, and Elimination of the Aminoglycosides, Untoward Effects, Therapeutic Uses of Gentamicin and Other Aminoglycosides, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Netilmicin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin, Clinical Summary, Bibliography.
Topics Discussed: aminoglycosides; chemistry of antibacterial agents; pharmacotherapy of infectious diseases; therapy of microbial diseases; bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infections.
Excerpt:"The aminoglycoside group includes gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, netilmicin (not available in the U.S.), kanamycin, streptomycin, paromomycin, and neomycin. These drugs are used primarily to treat infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria; streptomycin is an important agent for the treatment of tuberculosis, and paromomycin is used orally for intestinal amebiasis and in the management of hepatic coma. In contrast to most inhibitors of microbial protein synthesis, which are bacteriostatic, the aminoglycosides are bactericidal inhibitors of protein synthesis. Mutations affecting proteins in the bacterial ribosome, the target for these drugs, can confer marked resistance to their action. However, most commonly resistance is due to acquisition of plasmids or transposon-encoding genes for aminoglycoside-metabolizing enzymes or from impaired transport of drug into the cell. Thus, there can be cross-resistance between members of the class...."
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