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CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics, 19e
Nitrites, Nitrates, Aniline, Pentachlorophenol, & Dinitrophenol
Sections: Nitrites, Nitrates,
Aniline, Pentachlorophenol, & Dinitrophenol, Treatment.
Topics Discussed: nitrate; nitrites; poisoning.
Excerpt:
"Nausea, vertigo, vomiting, cyanosis (methemoglobinemia), cramping
abdominal pain, tachycardia, cardiovascular collapse, tachypnea,
coma, shock, convulsions, and death are possible manifestations
of nitrite or nitrate poisoning.Administer activated charcoal. Decontaminate affected skin with
soap and water. Oxygen and artificial respiration may be needed.
If the blood methemoglobin level exceeds 30%, or if levels cannot
be obtained and the patient is symptomatic, give a 1% solution
of methylene blue (0.2 mL/kg IV) over 5–10 minutes.
Avoid perivascular infiltration, because it causes necrosis of the
skin and subcutaneous tissues. A dramatic change in the degree of
cyanosis should occur. Transfusion is occasionally necessary. Epinephrine
and other vasoconstrictors are contraindicated. If reflex bradycardia
occurs, atropine should be used...."
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