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CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Cardiology, 3e
Chapter 36. Evaluation & Treatment of the Perioperative Patient
Sections: Evaluation & Treatment of the Perioperative Patient: Introduction, Preoperative Risk Assessment, Treatment to Reduce Perioperative Risk, Special Populations.
Topics Discussed: cardiac event; perioperative care.
Excerpt:"The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and the death rate associated with it rises sharply after age 45, an age when the incidence of
noncardiac surgeries is also increasing, and approximately one-third
of the 25 million surgical procedures done annually are performed
in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac deaths and nonfatal
myocardial infarction (MI) occur in about 0.2% of all cases
of general anesthesia and surgery (about 500,000 events annually).
Cardiac deaths account for approximately 40% of all perioperative
mortality, the same proportion as sepsis, although in many cases
the cause of death is multisystem organ failure. These figures underestimate
the total effect of cardiovascular diseases because another 500,000
persons a year suffer nonfatal MI, unstable angina, or congestive
heart failure (CHF) perioperatively, prolonging both their time
in the intensive care unit and the total hospital stay...."
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