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Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 7e
| Section 8. Pulmonary Emergencies > |
Chapter 69. Empyema and Lung Abscess
Sections: Empyema, Lung Abscess, References.
Excerpt:"Empyema is pus in the pleural space, and the definition includes
pleural space infections with a positive Gram stain or culture,
or parapneumonic effusions without pleural fluid sampling. Additional
causes of empyema besides pneumonia are: complications of chest
or abdominal trauma, esophageal perforation, extension from a lung
abscess, osteomyelitis or other near pleural infections, or a hemothorax,
chylothorax, or hydrothorax that becomes infected.Empyema is usually preceded by pneumonia. Empyema should be suspected
if symptoms of pneumonia (fever, cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain,
and malaise) do not resolve. The onset of empyema may also be insidious. Patients
may appear chronically ill with weight loss, anemia, and night sweats,
and frequently have underlying risk factors: neurologic disease,
pulmonary disease, malignancy, alcoholism, human immunodeficiency
virus, and other immunocompromised states...."
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