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Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 7e
| Section 8. Pulmonary Emergencies > |
Chapter 73. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Sections: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Introduction, Epidemiology, Chronic Compensated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Practice Guidelines, Special Populations, Special Considerations, Acknowledgment, References.
Topics Discussed: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Excerpt:"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the only major
cause of death that is increasing.1 Recent efforts
to improve much needed public awareness and research in COPD worldwide
have resulted in the recent release of at least five sets of guidelines
directed at the evaluation and treatment of COPD.2–7 According
to the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the World
Health Organization's Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive
Lung Disease (GOLD), COPD is characterized by airflow limitation
that is not fully reversible. The airflow obstruction is generally
progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response
to noxious particles or gases.6 Approximately 85% of
patients with COPD suffer from chronic bronchitis, and 15% suffer primarily
from emphysema.7 Chronic bronchitis is the presence
of chronic productive cough for 3 months in each of 2 successive
years, where other causes of chronic cough have been excluded.3 Emphysema results
from destruction of bronchioles and alveoli. Chronic bronchitis is
defined in clinical terms, and emphysema is defined in terms of
anatomic pathology that limits the clinical utility of the definitions.3 In
contrast,..."
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