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Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 7e
| Section 5. Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Procedural Sedation > |
Chapter 40. Local and Regional Anesthesia
Sections: Local and Regional Anesthesia: Introduction, Local Anesthesia, Regional Anesthesia, Acknowledgments, References.
Topics Discussed: anesthesia, conduction; anesthesia, local.
Excerpt:"Before the discovery of local anesthetics, local pain control
for lacerations, fractures, and minor surgery was only achieved
by minimizing the pain response centrally, typically with opiates
or alcohol. Local and regional anesthesia was founded on the discovery
of both the modern syringe and suitable anesthetic agents. In the
early 1850s, Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood brought about the
use of small glass and metallic syringes. Cocaine was isolated by
Albert Neimann in 1860 and later refined into the first local anesthetic
and used for ocular surgery by Carl Koller in 1884. Within 1 year,
William Halsted and Richard Hall touted the use of cocaine by performing
the first successful nerve block of the infraorbital plexus. The
major drawbacks to cocaine, toxicity and addiction, fueled the search
for alternative agents...."
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