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Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 7e
| Section 10. Renal and Genitourinary Disorders > |
Chapter 94. Urinary Tract Infections and Hematuria
Sections: Urinary Tract Infections, Hematuria, References.
Excerpt:"Urinary tract infection (UTI) is described by location: urethritis,
cystitis, or pyelonephritis. UTI is significant bacteriuria in the
presence of symptoms. More than one third of women in the U.S. are
diagnosed with a UTI by the time they are 24 years old. In women
the lifetime risk for one or more UTIs exceeds 60%. UTIs
account for at least 1 million ED visits, 7 million office visits,
and 100,000 hospitalizations every year in the U.S. About 20% of
all UTIs occur in men. UTI is the second most common form of infection,
representing up to 25% of all infections and over 20% of
all hospital-acquired infections. The estimated U.S. annual cost
of community-acquired UTI is at least $1.6 billion currently.1–3 In
school-aged children, UTI incidence rises with age to 5% and
occurs almost exclusively in girls. The incidence of infection in
postmenopausal women also increases with age. The prevalence of
bacteruria among elderly women in nursing homes exceeds 40%.Urethritis and cystitis are infections of the lower urinary
tract system. Given the appropriate symptoms of dysuria, frequency,
and urgency, the best diagnostic standard is a positive result on
urine culture of 
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