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Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 7e
Chapter 200. Antimicrobials
Sections: Antimicrobials: Introduction, Evaluation and Treatment, Specific Antimicrobial Agents, Acknowledgment, References.
Topics Discussed: antibiotics; antimicrobial drug overdose; antimicrobials.
Excerpt:"Complications from antimicrobial use are diverse, and the vast
majority of adverse effects result from iatrogenic causes rather
than intentional overdose. The adverse effects seen from antimicrobials
include allergic reactions, drug interactions, secondary or side
effects, and, less commonly, toxic effects from acute overdoses.
Allergic reactions are common among antibiotics, which may be due
to the high frequency of their use, usually in a repeated, interrupted
fashion. Many antimicrobial adverse effects are difficult to predict.
Some adverse effects are due to a diluent or other
chemical constituent in the formulation of a drug. The most common
adverse effects of antimicrobial use include hypersensitivity reactions,
alterations in body microbial flora, interactions with other drugs,
and cutaneous manifestations (e.g., erythema multiforme). Iatrogenic
dosing errors commonly involve neonates and infants because of their
small weight where mathematic calculations of dose can be inaccurate
by several orders of magnitude...."
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