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Contributors
Editors
Anthony S. Fauci, MD
Chief, Laboratory of Immunoregulation; Director,
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
Dennis L. Kasper, MD
William Ellery Channing Professor of Medicine,
Professor of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics,
Harvard Medical School; Director, Channing Laboratory,
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
Dan L. Longo, MD
Scientific Director, National Institute on Aging,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda and Baltimore
Eugene Braunwald, MD
Distinguished Hersey Professor of Medicine,
Harvard Medical School; Chairman, TIMI Study Group,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
Stephen L. Hauser, MD
Robert A. Fishman Distinguished Professor and Chairman,
Department of Neurology, University of California,
San Francisco, San Francisco
J. Larry Jameson, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine;
Vice-President for Medical Affairs and Lewis Landsberg Dean,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago
Joseph Loscalzo, MD, PhD
Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine,
Harvard Medical School; Chairman, Department of Medicine;
Physician-in-Chief, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
International Advisory Editors
Oded Abramsky, MD, PhD
Professor and Head, Department of Neurology, Hebrew University Hadassah
Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
Peter J. Barnes, MA, DM, DSc
Professor and Head of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute;
Head of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College London; Honorary Consultant
Physician, Royal Brompton Hospital, London
Professor Dame Carol Black
Royal College of Physicians, Regents Park, London, United Kingdom
John Funder, MD
Professor, Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria,
Australia
Professor Donald Metcalf
Professor Emeritus, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
Jose Antonio F. Ramires, MD, PhD
Heard Professor of Cardiology; General Director of the Heart Institute-
INCOR, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
Professor Philippe J. Sansonetti
Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U786 Institut Pasteur,
Paris, France
Karl Skorecki, MD
Annie Chutick Professor and Chair in Medicine (Nephrology); Director,
Rappaport Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology;
Director of Medicine and Research Development, Ramban Medical Center,
Haifa, Israel
Professor K. Srinath Reddy
Professor and Head, Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
George Stingl, MD
Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wahringer Gurtel
18-20, Vienna, Austria
Professor Nicholas J. White
Professor of Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom; Mahidol
University, Bangkok, Thailand
Contributors
Numbers in brackets refer to the chapters written or co-written by the contributor.
James L. Abbruzzese, MD
Chair and Professor, GI Medical Oncology; Associate Medical Director, GI and
Endoscope Center, Ofc/EVP; University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston [95]
Elias Abrutyn, MD†
Professor of Medicine and Public Health, Drexel University College of
Medicine, Philadelphia [133, 134]
John C. Achermann, MD
Lecturer in Endocrinology, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College,
London, United Kingdom [343]
John W. Adamson, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, UCSD Cancer Center, Hematology/Oncology,
University of California at San Diego, La Jolla [58, 98]
Anthony A. Amato, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Divison of
Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston [382]
Michael J. Aminoff, MD, DSc
Professor of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco [23, 25, e31]
Neil M. Ampel, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Arizona; Staff Physician, SAVAHCS,
Tucson [193]
Jennifer Anderson, MD
Clinical Fellow, Department of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital of
Boston, Boston [69]
Kenneth C. Anderson, MD
Kraft Family Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of
Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston [106, 107]
Elliott M. Antman, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Samuel L. Levine
Cardiac Unit, and Senior Investigator, TIMI Study Group, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston [237, 239]
Frederick R. Appelbaum, MD
Member and Director, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center; Professor and Head, Division of Medical Oncology,
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle [108]
Gordon L. Archer, MD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology; Associate Dean for
Research, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond [127]
Valder Arruda, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of
Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia [110]
Arthur K. Asbury, MD
Van Meter Professor of Neurology Emeritus, Philadelphia [25, 380]
John R. Asplin, MD
Clinical Associate, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago; Medical
Director, Litholink Corporation, Chicago [281]
Kenneth H. Astrin, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of
Medicine of New York University, New York [352]
John C. Atherton, MD
Professor of Gastroenterology; Director, Wolfson Digestive Diseases Centre,
University of Nottingham, United Kingdom [144]
Jane C. Atkinson, DDS
Program Director, Clinical Trials Program, Center for Clinical Research,
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda [e7]
Paul S. Auerbach, MD, MS
Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford [391]
K. Frank Austen, MD
AstraZeneca Professor of Respiratory and Inflammatory Diseases, Harvard
Medical School; Director, Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Section,
Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston [311]
Eric H. Awtry, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston [233, 234]
Bruce R. Bacon, MD
James F. King Endowed Chair in Gastroenterology; Professor of Internal
Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, St. Louis [302, 303]
Lindsey R. Baden, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [171]
Kamal F. Badr, MD
Professor and Dean, School of Medicine, Lebanese American University,
Byblos, Lebanon [280]
Donald S. Baim, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Executive Vice President,
Chief Medical and Scientific Officer, Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick
[223, 240, e23]
John R. Balmes, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Chief, Division
of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital;
Professor of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,
University of California, Berkeley [250]
Robert L. Barbieri, MD
Kate Macy Ladd Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston [7]
Joanne M. Bargman, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto; Director, Peritoneal Dialysis
Program, and Co-Director, Combined Renal-Rheumatology Lupus Clinic,
University Health Network, Toronto [274]
Tamar F. Barlam, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston [115, 140]
Peter J. Barnes, MA, DM, DSc
Professor and Head of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute;
Head of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College London; Honorary Consultant
Physician, Royal Brompton Hospital, London [248, e37]
Miriam J. Baron, MD
Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [121]
Kenneth J. Bart, MD, MPH, MSHPM
Professor Emeritus, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Diego State University,
San Diego; Consultant, National Vaccine Program Office, Office of the
Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington [116]
Buddha Basnyat, MD, MSc, FACP
Medical Director, Nepal International Clinic and Himalaya Rescue Association, Kathmandu, Nepal; Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal; Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; President, UIAA Medical Commission [e40]
Shari S. Bassuk, ScD
Epidemiologist, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston [342]
David W. Bates, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, General Medical
Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Medical Director, Clinical and
Qualitative Analysis Program, Partners Healthcare System, Boston [e1]
Robert P. Baughman, MD
Professor of Medicine, Cincinnati [322]
M. Flint Beal, MD
Anne Parrish Titzel Professor and Chair, Department of Neurology and
Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Neurologist-in-
Chief, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York [360, 371]
Nicholas J. Beeching, FFTM (RCPS Glas) DCH, DTM&H
Senior Lecturer in Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,
University of Liverpool; Consultant and Clinical Lead, Tropical and
Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United
Kingdom [150]
Robert S. Benjamin, MD
Professor of Medicine; Chairman, Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology,
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston [94]
Edward J. Benz, Jr., MD
Richard and Susan Smith Professor of Medicine; Professor of Pediatrics; Professor
of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; President and CEO, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute; Director, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston [99]
Jean Bergounioux, MD
Medical Doctor of Pediatrics, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire,
Paris [147]
Joseph R. Betancourt, MD, MPH
Director, The Disparities Solutions Center, Massachusetts General Hospital;
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School [e3]
Shalender Bhasin, MD
Chief and Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Nutrition,
Boston University, Boston [340]
Atul K. Bhan, MBBS, MD
Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Director of the
Immunopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston [e26]
David R. Bickers, MD
Carl Truman Nelson Professor and Chair, Department of Dermatology, College
of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York [57]
Henry J. Binder, MD
Professor of Medicine; Professor of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale
University, New Haven [288]
Thomas D. Bird, MD
Professor, Neurology and Medicine, University of Washington; Research
Neurologist, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget
Sound Health Care System, Seattle [365]
William R. Bishai, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore [131]
Bruce R. Bistrian, MD, PhD
Chief, Clinical Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Professor of
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [73]
Martin J. Blaser, MD
Frederick H. King Professor of Internal Medicine; Chair, Department of
Medicine; Professor of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine,
New York [144, 148]
Clara D. Bloomfield, MD
Distinguished University Professor; William G. Pace III Professor of Cancer
Research, Cancer Scholar and Senior Advisor, The Ohio State University
Comprehensive Cancer Center and Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and
Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus [104]
Richard S. Blumberg, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of
Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston [289]
David Blumenthal, MD, MPP
Samuel O. Their Professor of Medicine; Professor of Health Care Policy,
Harvard Medical School; Director, Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts
General Hospital/Partners HealthCare System, Boston [e3]
Jean L. Bolognia, MD
Professor of Dermatology, Yale Medical School [54]
George J. Bosl, MD
Chairman, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center; Professor of Medicine, Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College of
Cornell University, New York [92]
Richard C. Boucher, Jr., MD
William Rand Kenan Professor of Medicine, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill; Director, University of Carolina Cystic Fibrosis Center, Chapel
Hill [253]
Eugene Braunwald, MD, MA (Hon), ScD (Hon)
Distinguished Hersey Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School;
Chairman, TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [1, 35,
36, 217, 219, 220, 230-232, 237-239, e8]
Irwin M. Braverman, MD
Professor of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven [54]
Otis Webb Brawley, MD
Professor, Hematology, Oncology, Medicine & Epidemiology, Emory
University; Chief Medical Officer, American Cancer Society, Atlanta [78]
Joel G. Breman, MD, DTPH
Senior Scientific Advisor, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda [203, e18]
Barry M. Brenner, MD, AM, DSc (Hon), DMSc (Hon), Dipl (Hon)
Samuel A. Levine Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director
Emeritus, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [45, 46, 279,
280, 283]
George J. Brewer, MD
Morton S. and Henrietta K. Sellner Active Emeritus Professor of Human
Genetics; Active Emeritus Professor of Internal Medicine, University of
Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor [354]
F. Richard Bringhurst, MD
Senior Vice President for Medicine and Research Management , Massachusetts
General Hospital; Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School,
Boston [346]
Kevin E. Brown, MD
Consultant Medical Virologist, Health Protection Agency, London [177]
Robert H. Brown, Jr., MD, DPhil
Neurologist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Professor of Neurology, Harvard
Medical School, Boston [369, 382]
H. R. Büller, MD
Professor of Medicine; Chairman, Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center,
Amsterdam [111]
David M. Burns, MD
Professor Emeritus, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University
of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego [390]
Michael J. Burns, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [e35]
Joan R. Butterton, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Clinical
Associate in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston [122]
John C. Byrd, MD
D. Warren Brown Professor of Leukemia Research Professor; Co-Director of
Hematologic Malignancies, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Arthur G.
James Cancer Hospital, Columbus [104]
Stephen B. Calderwood, MD
Morton N. Swartz, MD Academy Professor of Medicine (Microbiology and
Molecular Genetics), Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston [122]
Michael V. Callahan, MD, DTM&H (UK), MSPH
Clinical Associate Physician, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts
General Hospital; Program Manager, Biodefense, Defense Advanced Research
Project Agency (DARPA), United States Department of Defense, Washington
[19]
Michael Camilleri, MD
Atherton and Winifred W. Bean Professor; Professor of Medicine and
Physiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester [40]
Grant L. Campbell, MD, PhD
Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious
Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health
Service, Laporte [152]
Christopher P. Cannon, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Physician,
Cardiovascular Division, Senior Investigator, TIMI Study Group, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston [238]
Jonathan R. Carapetis, MBBS, PhD
Director, Menzies School of Health Research; Professor, Charles Darwin
University, Australia [315]
Mark Carlson, MD, MA
Chief Medical Officer and Senior Vice President, Clinical Affairs, St. Jude
Medical, Sylmar; Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland [21]
Charles B. Carpenter, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Senior Physician, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston [276]
Brian I. Carr, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University; Director of the Liver
Tumor Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia [88]
Lisa B. Caruso, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston [9]
Arturo Casadevall, MD, PhD
Professor of Microbiology and Immunology and of Medicine; Chair,
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, New York [195]
Agustin Castellanos, MD
Professor of Medicine; Director, Clinical Electrophysiology, University of
Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami [267]
Stanley W. Chapman, MD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology; Director, Division of Infectious
Diseases; Vice-Chair for Academic Affairs, Department of Medicine, University
of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson [194, 199]
Vinay Chaudhry, MD
Professor and Vice Chair, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
Co-Director, EMG Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore [379]
Lan X. Chen, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Penn
Presbyterian Medical Center & Philadelphia Veteran Affairs Medical Center,
Philadelphia [327]
Yuan-Tsong Chen, MD
Distinguished Research Fellow and Director, Institute of Biomedical Sciences,
Academia Sinica, Taiwan [356]
Glenn M. Chertow, MD
Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California,
San Francisco School of Medicine; Director, Clinical Services, Division of
Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San
Francisco [273, 275]
John S. Child, MD
Director, Ahmanson-UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center; Streisand
Professor of Medicine and Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA, Los Angeles [229]
Yu Jo Chua, MBBS
Research Fellow (Medical Oncology), Royal Marsden Hospital, London [89]
Raymond T. Chung, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director of
Hepatology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Medical Director, Liver
Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston [304]
Fredric L. Coe, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago [281]
Jeffrey I. Cohen, MD
Chief, Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases,
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda [174, 184]
Ronit Cohen-Poradosu, MD
Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [157]
Francis Collins, MD, PhD
Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda [79]
Wilson S. Colucci, MD
Thomas J. Ryan Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine;
Chief, Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston
[233, 234]
Max D. Cooper, MD
Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, Microbiology, and Pathology, The University
of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham [310, e27]
Michael J. Corbel, PhD, DSc(Med), FIBiol
Head, Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and
Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom [150]
Lawrence Corey, MD
Professor of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine; Chair of Medical Virology,
University of Washington; Head, Program in Infectious Diseases, Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle [172]
Felicia Cosman, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons; Medical Director, Clinical Research Center, Helen
Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, New York [348]
Mark A. Creager, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Simon C. Fireman Scholar in
Cardiovascular Medicine; Director, Vascular Center, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston [242, 243]
Philip E. Cryer, MD
Irene E. and Michael M. Karl Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism in
Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis [339]
David Cunningham, MD
Professor of Cancer Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research; Consultant
Medical Oncologist, Head of Gastrointestinal Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital,
London [89]
John J. Cush, MD
Director of Clinical Rheumatology, Baylor Research Institute; Professor of
Medicine and Rheumatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas [325]
Malwina Czarny-Ratajczak, PhD
Research Assistant Professor, Center for Gene Therapy, Tulane University
Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans [357]
Charles A. Czeisler, MD, PhD
Baldino Professor of Sleep Medicine, and Director, Division of Sleep Medicine,
Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [28]
Marinos C. Dalakas, MD
Professor of Neurology; Chief, Neuromuscular Diseases Section, NINDS,
National Institute of Health, Bethesda [383]
Josep Dalmau, MD, PhD
Professor of Neurology, Division Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology,
Philadelphia [97]
Daniel F. Danzl, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of
Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville [20]
Emily Darby, MD
Senior Fellow, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington,
Seattle [153]
Robert B. Daroff, MD
Gilbert W. Humphrey Professor of Neurology and Interim Chair, Department
of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and
University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland [22]
Charles E. Davis, MD
Professor of Pathology and Medicine Emeritus, University of California San
Diego School of Medicine; Director Emeritus, Microbiology Laboratory,
University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego [e16]
Mahlon R. DeLong, MD
Timmie Professor of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine,
Atlanta [366]
John Del Valle, MD
Professor and Senior Associate Chair of Graduate Medical Education,
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of
Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor [287]
Marie B. Demay, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Physician,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston [346]
Bradley M. Denker, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Brigham
and Women's Hospital; Chief of Nephrology, Harvard Vanguard Medical
Associates, Boston [45]
David W. Denning, MBBS
Professor of Medicine and Medical Mycology, University of Manchester;
Director, Regional Mycology Laboratory, Manchester Education and Research
Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom [197]
David T. Dennis, MD, MPH
Faculty Affiliate, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology,
Colorado State University; Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Influenza,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta [152, 165]
Robert J. Desnick, MD, PhD
Professor and Chair, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount
Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, New York [352]
Betty Diamond, MD
Chief, Autoimmune Disease Center, The Feinstein Institute for Medical
Research, New York [312]
Jules L. Dienstag, MD
Carl W. Walter Professor of Medicine and Dean for Medical Education,
Harvard Medical School; Physician, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston [298-300, 304, e26]
William P. Dillon, MD
Professor of Radiology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery; Vice-Chair, Department
of Radiology; Chief, Neuroradiology, University of California, San Francisco
[362, e30]
Charles A. Dinarello, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver [17]
Robert G. Dluhy, MD
Program Director, Fellowship in Endocrinology; Professor of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Associate Editor,
New England Journal of Medicine, Boston [336]
Raphael Dolin, MD
Maxwell Finland Professor of Medicine (Microbiology and Molecular
Genetics); Dean for Academic and Clinical Programs, Harvard Medical School,
Boston [171, 179, 180]
Neil J. Douglas, MD
Professor of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, University of Edinburgh;
Honorary Consultant Physician, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, United
Kingdom [259]
Daniel B. Drachman, MD
Professor of Neurology & Neuroscience; WW Smith Charitable Trust Professor
of Neuroimmunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore [381]
David F. Driscoll, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [73]
Thomas D. DuBose, Jr., MD
Tinsley R. Harrison Professor and Chair of Internal Medicine; Professor of
Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem [48]
J. Stephen Dumler, MD
Professor, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Immunology, The Johns
Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore [167]
Andrea E. Dunaif, MD
Charles F. Kettering Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of
Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern
University Feinberg School Medicine, Chicago [6]
Samuel C. Durso, MD, MBA
Associate Professor of Medicine, Clinical Director, Division of Geriatric
Medicine and Gerontology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore [32, e7]
Janice P. Dutcher, MD
Professor, New York Medical College; Associate Director, Our Lady of Mercy
Cancer Center, Bronx [270]
Johanna Dwyer, DSc, RD
Professor of Medicine and Community Health, Tufts University School of
Medicine and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy; Senior
Scientist Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts;
Director of the Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts-New England Medical
Center Hospital, Boston [70]
Jeffery S. Dzieczkowski, MD
Physician, St. Alphonsus Regional Medical Center; Medical Director,
Coagulation Clinic, Saint Alphonsus Medical Group/Internal Medicine,
Boise [107]
Kim A. Eagle, MD
Albion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal Medicine, Chief of Clinical
Cardiology and Director, University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [8]
Robert H. Eckel, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes,
Division of Cardiology; Professor of Physiology and Biophysics; Charles A.
Boettcher II Chair in Atherosclerosis; Program Director, Adult General Clinical
Research Center, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center;
Director Lipid Clinic, University Hospital, Aurora [236]
John E. Edwards, Jr., MD
Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor/University of California, Los
Angeles Medical Center; Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of
Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Torrance [191, 196]
David A. Ehrmann, MD
Professor of Medicine; Associate Director, University of Chicago General
Clinical Research Center, Chicago [50]
Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD
Chair, Department of Bioethics, The Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [11]
Linda L. Emanuel, MD, PhD
Buehler Professor of Medicine; Director, Buehler Center on Aging, Health &
Society, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago [11]
Joey English, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco [364]
John W. Engstrom, MD
Professor of Neurology; Clinical Chief of Service; Neurology Residency Program
Director, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco [16, 370]
Paul Farmer, MD, PhD
Maude and Lillian Presley Professor of Medical Anthropology, Department of
Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Chief, Division of Social
Medicine and Health Inequalities, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Co-Founder,
Partners In Health, Boston [2]
Anthony S. Fauci, MD, DSc (Hon), DM&S (Hon), DHL (Hon), DPS (Hon),
DLM (Hon), DMS (Hon)
Chief, Laboratory of Immunoregulation; Director, National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [1, 181, 182,
214, 308, 319, e28]
Murray J. Favus, MD
Professor of Medicine, Interim Head, Endocrine Section; Director, Bone
Section, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago [281, 349]
David T. Felson, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology; Chief, Clinical Epidemiology Unit,
Boston University, Boston [326]
Robert G. Fenton, MD, PhD
Staff Clinician, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health,
Baltimore [80]
Howard L. Fields, MD, PhD
Professor of Neurology; Director, Wheeler Center for Neurobiology of
Addiction, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco [12]
Gregory A. Filice, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota; Chief, Infectious Disease
Section, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis [155]
Robert Finberg, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts
Medical School, Worcester [82, 126]
Joyce Fingeroth, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [126]
Daniel J. Fink, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons,
Columbia University, New York [Appendix]
Jeffrey S. Flier, MD
Caroline Shields Walker Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Dean
of the Faculty of Medicine, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston [74]
Agnes B. Fogo, MD
Professor of Pathology, Medicine and Pediatrics; Director, Renal/EM Division,
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville [e9]
Sonia Friedman, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Physician,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [289]
Andre D. Furtado, MD
Associate Specialist at the Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section,
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco [e30]
Robert F. Gagel, MD
Professor of Medicine and Head, Division of Internal Medicine, University of
Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston [345]
John I. Gallin, MD
Director, The Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda [61]
J. Michael Gaziano, MD, MPH
Chief, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Director,
Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology, Research and Information Center
(MAVERIC) and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC),
Boston VA Healthcare System; Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard
Medical School, Boston [218]
Thomas A. Gaziano, MD, MSc
Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Physician of
Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [218]
Susan L. Gearhart, MD
Assistant Professor of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore [291, 292, 293, 294]
Robert H. Gelber, MD
Scientific Director, Leonard Wood Memorial Leprosy Research Center, Cebu,
Philippines; Clinical Professor of Medicine and Dermatology, University of
California, San Francisco, San Francisco [159]
Jeffrey A. Gelfand, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Department of
Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston [19, 204]
Alfred L. George, MD
Grant W. Liddle Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology; Chief, Division of
Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville [271]
Dale N. Gerding, MD
Assistant Chief of Staff for Research, Hines VA Hospital, Hines; Professor,
Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood [123]
Anne Gershon, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York [185-187]
Marc Ghany, MD
Staff Physician, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and
Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [295]
Raymond J. Gibbons, MD
Arthur M. and Gladys D. Gray Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of
Medicine; Consultant, Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester [222, e20]
Bruce C. Gilliland,† MD
Professor of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington
School of Medicine, Seattle [321, 329-331]
Roger I. Glass, MD, PhD
Director, Fogarty International Center; Associate Director for International
Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [183]
Eli Glatstein, MD
Morton M. Kligerman Professor and Vice Chairman, Clinical Director,
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical
Center, Philadelphia [216]
Robert M. Glickman, MD
Professor of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York [44]
James F. Glockner, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester [222]
Peter J. Goadsby, MD, PhD, DSc
Professor of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square London;
Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of California,
San Francisco, San Francisco [15]
Ary L. Goldberger, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Director, Division of
Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Boston [221, e19, e21]
Samuel Z. Goldhaber, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Venous
Thromboembolism Research Group, Director, Anticoagulation Service, and
Senior Staff Cardiologist, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston [256]
Ralph Gonzales, MD, MSPH
Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California,
San Francisco, San Francisco [31]
Douglas S. Goodin, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco [375]
Raj K. Goyal, MD
Mallinckrodt Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston;
Physician, VA Boston Healthcare and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
West Roxbury [38, 286]
Gregory A. Grabowski, MD
The A. Graeme Mitchell Chair of Human Genetics; Professor, University of
Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics; Director, Division
of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center,
Cincinnati [355]
Norton J. Greenberger, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Senior Physician,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [305-307]
David E. Griffith, MD
Professor of Medicine; William A. and Elizabeth B. Moncrief Distinguished
Professor, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler [161]
Rasim Gucalp, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore
Medical Center, Bronx [270]
Chadi A. Hage, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine,
Roudebush VA Medical Center, Pulmonary-Critical Care and Infectious
Diseases, Indianapolis [192]
Bevra Hannahs Hahn, MD
Professor of Medicine; Chief of Rheumatology; Vice Chair, Department of
Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles [313]
Janet E. Hall, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Physician,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston [51, 341]
Jesse B. Hall, MD
Professor of Medicine, Anesthesia & Critical Care; Section Chief, Pulmonary
and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago [261]
Scott A. Halperin, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia [142]
Raymond C. Harris, Jr., MD
Ann and Roscoe R. Robinson Professor of Medicine; Chief, Division of
Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville [272]
Gavin Hart, MD, MPH
Director, STD Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital; Clinical Associate Professor,
School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [154]
Rudy Hartskeerl, PhD
Head, FAO/OIE, World Health Organization and National Leptospirosis
Reference Centre, KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands [164]
William L. Hasler, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan
Health System, Ann Arbor [39, 284]
Terry J. Hassold, PhD
Eastlick Distinguished Professor, Washington State University, Pullman [63]
Joshua Hauser, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Palliative Care; Assistant Director of the
Beuler Center on Aging, Northwestern University, Chicago [11]
Stephen L. Hauser, MD
Robert A. Fishman Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of
Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco [1, 360, 361,
371, 372, 375, 380, e32]
Barton F. Haynes, MD
Frederic M. Hanes Professor of Medicine and Immunology, Departments of
Medicine and Immunology; Director, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke
University School of Medicine, Durham [308]
Douglas C. Heimburger, MD, MS
Professor of Nutrition Sciences; Professor of Medicine; Director, Clinical
Nutrition Fellowship Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham [72]
J. Claude Hemphill III, MD, MAS
Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University
of California, San Francisco; Director, Neurocritical Care Program, San
Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco [269]
Patrick H. Henry, MD
Adjunct Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City [60]
Barbara L. Herwaldt, MD, MPH
Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Atlanta [205]
Katherine A. High, MD
William H. Bennett Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School
of Medicine; Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Children's
Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia [65, 110]
Martin S. Hirsch, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Professor of Immunology and
Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health; Physician, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston [175]
Helen H. Hobbs, MD
Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Professor of Internal Medicine
and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas [350]
Judith S. Hochman, MD
Harold Synder Family Professor of Cardiology; Clinical Chief, the Leon H.
Charney Division of Cardiology; New York University School of Medicine;
Director, Cardiovascular Clinical Research, New York [226]
Elizabeth L. Hohmann, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Harvard Medical
School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston [132]
A. Victor Hoffbrand, DM
Emeritus Professor of Haematology, Royal Free and University College,
London [100]
Steven M. Holland, MD
Senior Investigator and Head, Immunopathogenesis Unit, Clinical
Pathophysiology Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [61]
King K. Holmes, MD, PhD
William H. Foege Chair, Department of Global Health; Director, Center for
AIDS and STD; Professor of Medicine and Global Health, University of
Washington; Head, Infectious Diseases, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle [124]
Jay H. Hoofnagle, MD
Director, Liver Diseases Research Branch, Division of Digestive Diseases and
Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [295]
Robert J. Hopkin, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College
of Medicine; Division and Program in Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's
Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati [355]
Jonathan C. Horton, MD, PhD
William F. Hoyt Professor of Neuro-Ophthalmology; Professor of
Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Physiology, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco [29]
Howard Hu, MD, MPH, ScD
NSF International Chair, Department of Environmental Health Sciences;
Professor of Environmental Health, Epidemiology and Medicine, University of
Michigan Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Ann Arbor [e34]
Gary W. Hunninghake, MD
Sterba Professor of Medicine; Director, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care
and Occupational Medicine; Director, Institute for Clinical and Translational
Science; Director, Graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine; Senior
Associate Dean for Clinical and Translational Science, Iowa City [249]
Sharon A. Hunt, MD
Professor, Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto [228]
Charles G. Hurst, MD
Chief, Chemical Casualty Care Division, United States Medical Research
Institute of Chemical Defense, Maryland [215]
Steven E. Hyman, MD
Provost, Harvard University; Professor of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston [385]
David H. Ingbar, MD
Professor of Medicine, Physiology & Pediatrics; Director, Pulmonary, Allergy,
Critical Care & Sleep Division; Executive Director, Center for Lung Science &
Health, University of Minnesota School of Medicine; Co-Director, Medical ICU
& Respiratory Care, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview [266]
Edward P. Ingenito, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston [263]
Mark A. Israel, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School; Director,
Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center,
Lebanon [374]
Alan C. Jackson, MD, FRCPC
Professor of Medicine (Neurology) and of Medical Microbiology, University of
Manitoba; Section Head of Neurology, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada [188]
Richard F. Jacobs, MD, FAAP
President, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute; Horace C. Cabe
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of
Medicine, Little Rock [151]
J. Larry Jameson, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine; Vice President for Medical Affairs and Lewis Landsberg
Dean, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago [1, 62,
64, 96, 332, 333, 335, 340, 343, e29]
Robert T. Jensen, MD
Chief, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and
Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [344]
Camilo Jimenez, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia & Hormonal
Disorders, The University of Texas, MD Cancer Center, Houston [345]
Eric C. Johannsen, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School;
Associate Physician, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston [188]
Bruce E. Johnson, MD
Director, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology;
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's
Hospital; Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [96]
James R. Johnson, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis [143]
Stuart Johnson, MD
Associate Professor, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood;
Staff Physician, Hines VA Hospital, Hines [123]
S. Claiborne Johnston, MD, PhD
Professor, Neurology; Professor, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Director,
University of California, San Francisco Stroke Service, San Francisco [364]
S. Andrew Josephson, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Neurology, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco [26, e33]
Jorge L. Juncos, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine;
Director of Neurology, Wesley Woods Hospital, Atlanta [366]
Eric Kandel, MD
University Professor; Fred Kavli Professor and Director, Kavli Institute for
Brain Sciences; Senior Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Columbia University, New York [385]
Marshall M. Kaplan, MD
Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine; Chief Emeritus,
Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston [43, 296]
Adolf W. Karchmer, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [118]
Dennis L. Kasper, MD, MA (Hon)
William Ellery Channing Professor of Medicine, Professor of Microbiology and
Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Director, Channing Laboratory,
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [1, 113, 115,
121, 135, 140, 157]
Lloyd H. Kasper, MD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology; Co-Director, Program
in Immunotherapeutics, Dartmouth Medical Schoool, Lebanon [207]
Daniel Kastner, MD, PhD
Chief, Genetics and Genomic Section, National Institute of Arthritis and
Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [323]
Elaine T. Kaye, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School; Assistant
in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center,
Boston [18, e5]
Kenneth M. Kaye, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Physician,
Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [18, e5]
Jack A. Kessler, MD
Davis Professor of Stem Cell Biology; Chairman, Davis Department of
Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago [67]
Gerald T. Keusch, MD
Associate Provost and Associate Dean for Global Health, Boston University
School of Medicine, Boston [116, 149]
Jay S. Keystone, MD, FRCPC
Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto; Staff Physician, Centre for Travel
and Tropical Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto [117]
Sundeep Khosla, MD
Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Rochester [47]
Elliott Kieff, MD, PhD
Harriet Ryan Albee Professor of Medicine and Microbiology and Molecular
Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Senior Physician, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston [170]
Jim Yong Kim, MD, PhD
Chief, Division of Social Medicine and Health Inequalities, Brigham and Women's
Hospital; Director and Professor, François Xavier-Bagnoud Center for Health and
Human Rights, Harvard School of Public Health; Professor of Social Medicine and
Chair, Department of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [2]
Talmadge E. King, Jr., MD
Constance B. Wofsy Distinguished Professor and Interim Chair, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco [255]
Louis V. Kirchhoff, MD, MPH
Professor, Departments of Internal Mediciene and Epidemiology, University of
Iowa; Staff Physician, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa
City [206]
Joel N. Kline, MD, MSc
Professor, Internal Medicine and Occupational & Environmental Health;
Director, University of Iowa Asthma Center, Iowa City [249]
Minoru S. H. Ko, MD, PhD
Senior Investigator & Chief, Developmental Genomics & Aging Section,
Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore [66]
Barbara A. Konkle, MD
Professor of Medicine and Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania;
Director, Penn Comprehensive Hemophilia and Thrombosis Program,
Philadelphia [59, 109]
Peter Kopp, MD
Associate Professor, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular
Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago [62]
Walter J. Koroshetz, MD
Deputy Director, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [377]
Theodore A. Kotchen, MD
Associate Dean for Clinical Research; Director, General Clinical Research
Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wisconsin [241]
Phyllis E. Kozarsky, MD
Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases; Co-Director, Travel and Tropical
Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta [117]
Barnett S. Kramer, MD, MPH
Associate Director for Disease Prevention, Office of the Director, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda [78]
Stephen M. Krane, MD
Persis, Cyrus and Marlow B. Harrison Distinguished Professor of Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston [346]
Alexander Kratz, MD, PhD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology, Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons; Associate Director, Core Laboratory, Columbia
University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Director, Allen
Pavilion Laboratory, New York [Appendix]
John P. Kress, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Section of Pulmanary and Critical Care,
University of Chicago, Chicago [261]
Patricia A. Kritek, MD, EdM
Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Co-Director, Harvard
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston [e24]
Henry M. Kronenberg, MD
Chief, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Professor of Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Boston [346]
Robert F. Kushner, MD
Professor of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago [75]
Loren Laine, MD
Professor of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles [42]
Anil K. Lalwani, MD
Mendik Foundation Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology;
Professor, Department of Pediatrics; Professor, Department of Physiology and
Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York [30]
H. Clifford Lane, MD
Clinical Director; Director, Division of Clinical Research; Deputy Director,
Clinical Research and Special Projects; Chief, Clinical and Molecular
Retrovirology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute
of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [182,
214]
Carol A. Langford, MD, MHS
Associate Professor of Medicine; Director, Center for Vasculitis Care and
Research, Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland
Clinic, Cleveland [319, 321, 329-331, e28]
Wei C. Lau, MD
Associate Professor; Medical Director, Cardiovascular Center Operating
Rooms; Director, Adult Cardiovascular Anesthesiology, Ann Arbor [8]
Thomas J. Lawley, MD
William P. Timmie Professor of Dermatology; Dean, Emory University School
of Medicine, Atlanta [52, 23, 55, e10]
Thomas H. Lee, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief Executive Officer,
Partners Community Health Care, Inc; Network President, Partners Health
Care, Boston [13]
Bruce D. Levy, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Pulmonary and
Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [262]
Julia B. Lewis, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department
of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville [277]
Peter Libby, MD
Mallinckrodt Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief,
Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [217, 235, e22]
Richard W. Light, MD
Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville [257]
Christopher H. Linden, MD
Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical
Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester [e35]
Robert Lindsay, MD, PhD
Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons; Chief, Internal Medicine, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Havershaw,
New York [348]
Marc E. Lippman, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M.
Miller School of Medicine, Miami [86]
Peter E. Lipsky, MD
Chief, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal,
and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and
Human Services, Bethesda [312, 314, 325]
David A. Lipson, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Division,
University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, King of Prussia [34, 345]
Kathleen D. Liu, MD, PhD, MCR
Assistant Professor, Division of Nephrology, San Francisco [273, 275]
Bernard Lo, MD
Professor of Medicine; Director, Program in Medical Ethics, University of
California, San Francisco, San Francisco [e4]
Dan L. Longo, MD
Scientific Director, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda and Baltimore [1, 58, 60, 68, 77, 80, 81, 105, 106, 181, e11-e13]
Nicola Longo, MD, PhD
Professor of Pediatrics; Chief, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of
Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City [358, 359]
Joseph Loscalzo, MD, PhD, MA (Hon)
Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, Harvard Medical
School; Chairman, Department of Medicine, Physician-in-Chief, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston [1, 36, 37, 217, 237, 242, 243]
Phillip A. Low, MD
Robert D and Patricia E Kern Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of
Medicine, Rochester [370]
Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD
Professor of Neurology; Director, University of California, San Francisco
Epilepsy Center; Associate Dean for Clinical/Translational Research, San
Francisco [361, 363]
Elyse E. Lower, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati [322]
Franklin D. Lowy, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Pathology, Columbia University, College of
Physicians & Surgeons, New York [129]
Sheila A. Lukehart, PhD
Professor of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle [162, 163]
Lucio Luzzatto, MD, PhD
Professor of Hematology, University of Florence; Scientific Director, Instituto
Toscano Tumori (ITT), Firenze, Italy [101]
Lawrence C. Madoff, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [113, 135,
328, e15]
James H. Maguire, MD, MPH
Professor and Director, International Health Division, Department of
Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore [392]
Adel A. F. Mahmoud, MD, PhD
Professor, Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton [212]
Ronald V. Maier, MD
Jane and Donald D. Trunkey Professor and Vice Chair, Surgery, University of
Washington; Surgeon-in-Chief, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle [264]
Mark E. Malliard, MD
Associate Professor and Chief, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Omaha [301]
Scott Manaker, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology, Pulmonary and Critical
Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia [247]
Hanna Mandel, MD
Director, Metabolic Disease Unit, Rambam Medical Health Care Campus,
Haifa, Israel [e39]
Lionel A. Mandell, MD
Professor of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario [251]
Douglas L. Mann, MD
Professor of Medicine, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics; Chief, Section of
Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital and Texas
Heart Institute, Houston [227]
JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH
Professor of Medicine and the Elizabeth Fay Brigham Professor of Women's
Health, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Preventive Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [342]
Eleftheria Maratos-Flier, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Obesity
Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston [74]
Francis Marchlinski, MD
Professor of Medicine; Director of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of
Pennsylvania Health System, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia [226]
Daniel B. Mark, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center; Director, Outcomes
Research, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham [3]
Thomas Marrie, MD
Professor, Department of Medicine; Dean, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta [167]
Gary J. Martin, MD
Raymond J. Langenbach MD Professor of Medicine; Vice Chairman for Faculty
Affairs and Education, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago [4]
Joseph B. Martin, MD, PhD, MA (Hon)
Dean Emeritus of the Faculty of Medicine, Edward R. and Anne G. Lefler
Professor of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston [12, 361]
Robert J. Mayer, MD
Stephen B. Kay Family Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Dana-
Farber Cancer Institute, Boston [87]
Alexander J. McAdam, MD, PhD
Medical Director, Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Division, Children's Hospital,
Boston; Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston [e14]
Calvin O. McCall, MD
Associate Professor of Dermatology, Virginia Commonwealth University
Medical Center, Richmond [53]
William M. McCormack, MD
Distinguished Teaching Professor of Medicine; Chief, Infectious Disease
Division, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn [168]
Kevin T. McVary, MD
Associate Professor of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine, Chicago [49]
Nancy K. Mello, PhD
Professor of Psychology (Neuroscience), Harvard Medical School, Boston [389]
Shlomo Melmed, MD
Senior Vice President, Academic Affairs; Associate Dean, Cedars Sinai Medical
Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles [333]
David Meltzer, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Departments of Medicine and Economics, Harris School
of Public Policy; Director of the Center for Health and the Social Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago [e2]
Jerry R. Mendell, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Neurology and Pathology, The Ohio State University;
Director, Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide
Children's Hospital, Columbus [382]
Jack H. Mendelson,† MD
Professor of Psychiatry (Neuroscience), Harvard Medical School, Belmont [389]
M.-Marsel Mesulam, MD
Director, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center; Dunbar
Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago [27]
Susan Miesfeldt, MD
Medical Oncology Medical Director, Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Maine
Medical Cancer and Maine Center for Cancer Medicine & Blood Disorders,
Portland [64]
Edgar L. Milford, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Tissue
Typing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [276]
Bruce L. Miller, MD
AW and Mary Margaret Clausen Distinguished Professor of Neurology,
University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco [26,
365, 378, e6]
Mark Miller, MD
Associate Director for Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [116]
Samuel I. Miller, MD
Professor of Genome Sciences, Medicine, and Microbiology, University of
Washington, Seattle [146]
John D. Minna, MD
Professor, Internal Medicine and Pharmacology; Director, Hamon Center for
Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center, Dallas [85]
Thomas A. Moore, MD
Clinical Professor and Associate Program Director, Department of Medicine,
University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita [201, e17]
Pat J. Morin, PhD
Senior Investigator, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National
Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [79]
Robert J. Motzer, MD
Attending Physician, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering
Cancer Center; Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell
University, New York [90, 92]
Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine,
National University of Athens, Greece [317, 320]
Robert S. Munford, MD
Jan and Henri Bromberg Chair in Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas [265]
Nikhil C. Munshi, MD
Associate Director, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, Boston VA Health Care System; Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston [106]
John R. Murphy, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology; Chief, Section of Molecular
Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston [131]
Timothy F. Murphy, MD
UB Distinguished Professor, Department of Medicine and Microbiology;
Chief, Infectious Diseases, State Univerity of New York, Buffalo [139]
Joseph A. Murray, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The
Mayo Clinic, Rochester [40]
Daniel M. Musher, MD
Chief, Infectious Disease Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical
Center; Professor of Medicine and Professor of Molecular Virology and
Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston [128, 138]
Mark B. Mycyk, MD
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine; Director of Clinical Toxicology
and Toxicological Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine, Chicago [e35]
Robert J. Myerberg, MD
Professor of Medicine and Physiology; AHA Chair in Cardiovascular Research,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami [267]
Nitish Naik, MD, DS
Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari
Nagar, New Delhi, India [e38]
Eric G. Neilson, MD
Hugh J. Morgan Professor of Medicine and Cell Biology, Physician-in-Chief,
Vanderbilt University Hospital; Chairman, Department of Medicine,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville [271, 272, 277, e9]
Gerald T. Nepom, MD, PhD
Director, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; Professor, University
of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle [309]
Hartmut P. H. Neumann, MD
Head, Section Preventative Medicine, Department of Nephrology and General
Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany [337]
Jonathan Newmark, MD, Colonel, Medical Corps, US Army
Deputy Joint Program Executive Officer, Medical Systems, Joint Program
Executive Office for Chemical/Biological Defense, US Department of Defense
Chemical Casualty Care; Consultant to the US Army Surgeon General; Adjunct
Professor, Neurology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences, Falls Church [215]
Rick A. Nishimura, MD
Judd and Mary Morris Leighton Professor of Cardiovascular Diseases;
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester [222, e20]
Robert L. Norris, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford [391]
Thomas B. Nutman, MD
Head, Helminth Immunology Section; Head, Clinical Parasitology Unit;
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, National Insitutes of Health, Bethesda [210, 211]
Richard J. O'Brien, MD
Head of Scientific Evaluation, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics,
Geneva, Switzerland [158]
Patrick O'Gara, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Clinical
Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [230, e8]
Robert A. O'Rourke, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine Emeritus, University of Texas Health
Science Center, San Antonio [220]
C. Warren Olanow, MD
Henry P. and Georgette Goldschmidt Professor and Chairman of the
Department of Neurology, Professor of Neuroscience, The Mount Sinai School
of Medicine, New York [367]
Andrew B. Onderdonk, PhD
Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston [e14]
Chung Owyang, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, H. Marvin Pollard Collegiate Professor; Chief,
Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann
Arbor [284, 290]
Umesh D. Parashar, MBBS, MPH
Lead, Enteric and Respiratory Viruses Team, Epidemiology Branch, Division of
Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta [183]
Jeffrey Parsonnet, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School,
Lebanon [120]
Parul S. Patel, MD
Transplant Neurologist, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco [278]
Shreyaskumar R. Patel, MD
Professor of Medicine, Deputy Chairman, Department of Sarcoma Medical
Oncology, University of Texas, Houston [94]
Gustav Paumgartner, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany [305]
David A. Pegues, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of
Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles [146]
Florencia Pereyra, MD
Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Division of Infectious
Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [e15]
Michael C. Perry, MD, MS
Professor and Director, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology,
Department of Internal Medicine, Nellie B. Smith Chair of Oncology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine,
Columbia [e13]
Michael A. Pesce, PhD
Clinical Professor of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons; Director of Specialty Laboratory, New York Presbyterian Hospital,
Columbia University Medical Center, New York [Appendix]
Clarence J. Peters, MD
John Sealy Distinguished University Chair in Tropical and Emerging Virology,
Director for Biodefense, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious
Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Galveston [189, 190]
Eliot A. Phillipson, MD
Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto [258]
Gerald B. Pier, PhD
Professor of Medicine (Microbiology and Molecular Genetics), Harvard
Medical School; Microbiologist, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [114]
Ronald E. Polk, PharmD
Chair, Department of Pharmacy, Professor of Pharmacy and Medicine, School
of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond [127]
Richard J. Pollack, MD
Professor of Medicine; Director, Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical
Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv [17]
Reuven Porat, MD
Professor of Medicine; Director, Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical
Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv [17]
Daniel A. Portnoy, PhD
Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular
and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley [132]
John T. Potts, Jr., MD
Jackson Distinguished Professor of Clinical Medicine, Harvard Medical School;
Director of Research and Physician-in-Chief Emeritus, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Charlestown [347]
Lawrie W. Powell, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, The University of Queensland and The Royal Brisbane
and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia [351]
Alvin C. Powers, MD
Joe C. Davis Chair in Biomedical Science; Professor of Medicine, Molecular
Physiology and Biophysics; Director, Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and
Training Center; Director, Vanderbilt Diabetes Center, Nashville [338]
Daniel S. Pratt, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Liver-
Billary-Pancreas Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston [43, 296]
Darwin J. Prockop, MD, PhD
Director of Center for Gene Therapy and Professor of Biochemistry, Tulane
Health Sciences Center, New Orleans [357]
Stanley B. Prusiner, MD
Director, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Professor, Department of
Neurology; Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco [378]
Daniel J. Rader, MD
Cooper-McClure Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of
Medicine, Philadelphia [350]
Roshini Rajapaksa, MD, BA
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, New York
University Medical Center School of Medicine and Hospitals Center, New
York [44]
Sanjay Ram, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and
Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester [137]
Jose A. F. Ramires
Head Professor of Cardiology; University of São Paulo Medical School and
Heart Institute-INCOR, São Paulo, Brazil [e37]
Reuben Ramphal, MD
Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University
of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville [145]
Neil H. Raskin, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco [15]
Mario C. Raviglione, MD
Director, StopTB Department, World Health Organization, Geneva [158]
K. Srinath Reddy, MD, DM, MSC
Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari
Nagar, New Delhi, India [e38]
Sharon L. Reed, MD
Professor of Pathology and Medicine; Director, Microbiology and Virology
Laboratories, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego
[202, e16]
Richard C. Reichman, MD
Professor of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology; Director,
Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester School of Medicine,
Rochester [178]
Carol M. Reife, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College,
Philadelphia [41]
John J. Reilly, Jr., MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Vice Chairman,
Integrative Services, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston [254, e24]
John T. Repke, MD
University Professor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Penn State University College of Medicine; Obstetrician-
Gynecologist-In-Chief, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey [7]
Victor I. Reus, MD
Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Langley Porter Hospital and Clinics,
San Francisco [386]
Peter A. Rice, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology,
University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester [137]
Stuart Rich, MD
Professor of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago,
Chicago [244]
Gary S. Richardson, MD
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland;
Senior Research Scientist, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford
Hospital, Detroit [28]
Elizabeth Robbins, MD
Associate Clinical Professor, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco [e32]
Gary L. Robertson, MD
Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine, Chicago [334]
Daniel M. Roden, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology, Assistant Vice-Chancellor for
Personalized Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville [5]
James A. Romano, Jr., PhD, DABT
Senior Principal Life Specialist, Science Applications International
Corporation, Frederick [215]
Karen L. Roos, MD
John and Nancy Nelson Professor of Neurology, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis [376]
Allan H. Ropper, MD
Executive Vice-Chair, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston [268, 372, 373]
Ilene M. Rosen, MD, MSc
Associate Director, Internal Medical Residency Program; Assistant Professor
of Clinical Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia [246]
Roger N. Rosenberg, MD
Zale Distinguished Chair and Professor of Neurology, Department of
Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas [368]
F. R. Rosendaal, MD
Professor of Clinical Epidemiology; Chairman, Department of Clinical
Epidemiology, and Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden
University Medical Center, The Netherlands [111]
Myrna R. Rosenfeld, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Division Neuro-Oncology, Department of
Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia [97]
Jean-Claude Roujeau, MD
Professor of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris XII, Créteil,
France [56]
Ambuj Roy, MD, DM
Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari
Nagar, New Delhi, India [e38]
Michael A. Rubin, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Infectious
Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of
Medicine, Salt Lake City [31]
Robert M. Russell, MD
Director, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts
University; Professor of Medicine and Nutrition, Tufts University, Boston [71]
Thomas A. Russo, MD, CM
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology, State University of New York, Buffalo
[143, 156]
Miguel Sabria, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona; Chief, Infectious
Diseases Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Barcelona, Spain [141]
Stephen M. Sagar, MD
Professor of Neurology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine; Director of
Neuro-Oncology, Ireland Cancer Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland,
Cleveland [374]
David J. Salant, MD
Professor of Medicine, Pathology, and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University
School of Medicine; Chief, Section of Nephrology, Boston Medical Center,
Boston [278]
Martin A. Samuels, MD, DSc (Hon)
Chairman, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital;
Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical Center, Boston [e33]
Merle A. Sande,† MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine;
President, Academic Alliance Foundation, Seattle [31]
Philippe Sansonetti
Professeur á l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France [147]
Edward A. Sausville, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine; Associate Director for Clinical Research, Marlene &
Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore [81]
Mohamed H. Sayegh, MD
Director, Warren E. Grupe and John P. Morill Chair in Transplantation
Medicine; Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston [276]
David T. Scadden, MD
Gerald and Darlene Jordan Professor of Medicine, Harvard University;
Co-Chair, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard
University, Boston [68]
Howard I. Scher, MD
Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; D. Wayne
Calloway Chair in Urologic Oncology; Chief, Genitourinary Oncology Service,
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York [90, 91]
Joan H. Schiller, MD
Professor of Medicine and Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical School; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center,
Dallas [85]
Harry W. Schroeder, Jr., MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Genetics, The University of Alabama,
Birmingham [310, e27]
Marc A. Schuckit, MD
Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of
California, San Diego; Director, Alcohol Research Center, VA San Diego
Healthcare System, San Diego [387, 388]
H. Ralph Schumacher, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia [327]
Gordon E. Schutze, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences, College of Medicine; Chief, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Arkansas
Children's Hospital, Little Rock [151]
Stuart Schwartz, PhD
Professor of Human Genetics, Medicine and Pathology, University of Chicago,
Chicago [63]
Richard M. Schwartzstein, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Chair, Pulmonary
and Critical Care Medicine; Vice-President for Education, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston [33]
Julian L. Seifter, MD
Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Associate Professor of Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Boston [283]
David C. Seldin, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology; Director, Amyloid Treatment and
Research Program Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine,
Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston [324]
Andrew P. Selwyn, MA, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [237]
Steven D. Shapiro, MD
Jack D. Myers Professor and Chair, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh [254,
262]
William Silen, MD
Johnson and Johnson Distinguished Professor of Surgery, Emeritus, Harvard
Medical School, Boston [14, 293, 294]
Rebecca A. Silliman, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of
Medicine and Public Health; Chief, Section of Geriatrics, Boston University
Medical Center, Boston [9]
Edwin K. Silverman, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston [254]
Gary G. Singer, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis [46]
Martha Skinner, MD
Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Director, Special
Projects, Amyloid Treatment and Research Program, Boston [324]
Karl Skorecki, MD
Annie Chutick Professor in Medicine (Nephrology); Director, Rappaport
Research Institute, Director of Medical and Research Development, Rambam
Medical Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel [274, e39]
Wade S. Smith, MD, PhD
Professor of Neurology, Daryl R. Gress Endowed Chair of Neurocritical Care
and Stroke; Director, University of California, San Francisco Neurovascular
Service, San Francisco [269, 364]
A. George Smulian, MB, BCh
Associate Professor, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Chief,
Infectious Disease Section, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati [200]
Arthur J. Sober, MD
Professor, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School; Associate
Chief, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston [83]
Kelly A. Soderberg, PhD, MPH
Director, Program Management, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke
University School of Medicine, Durham [308]
Michael F. Sorrell, MD
Robert L. Grissom Professor of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical
Center, Omaha [301]
David H. Spach, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of
Washington, Seattle [153]
Peter Speelman, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Infectious Diseases; Head, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS; Department of Internal Medicine,
Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands [164]
Frank E. Speizer, MD
Edward H. Kass Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Channing
Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston [250]
Jerry L. Spivak, MD
Professor of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
Attending Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore [103]
Andrei C. Sposito
Professor of Medicine, University of Basilia Medical School, Basilia, Brazil [e37]
Walter E. Stamm, MD
Professor of Medicine; Head, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle [169, 282]
Allen C. Steere, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [166]
Robert S. Stern, MD
Dermatologist-in-Chief; Carl J. Herzog Professor of Medicine, Harvard
Medical School, Boston [56]
Dennis L. Stevens, MD, PhD
Chief, Infectious Diseases Section, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Boise; Professor
of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle [119]
Stephen E. Straus,† MD
Senior Investigator, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Director, National Center for Complementary
and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [10, 384]
Lewis Sudarsky, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Director of
Movement Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [24]
Alan M. Sugar, MD
Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Medical
Director, Infectious Diseases Clinical Services, HIV/AIDS Program, and
Infection Control, Cape Cod Healthcare, Hyannis [198]
Donna C. Sullivan, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Microbiology, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of
Medicine, Jackson [194, 199]
Paolo M. Suter, MD, MS
Professor of Medicine, Medical Policlinic, Zurich, Switzerland [71]
Morton N. Swartz, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Jackson Firm Medical
Service and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston [377]
Geoffrey Tabin, M.D.
Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Medical School, John Moran Eye Center; Director, Medical Committee, American Alpine Club; Director, Himalayan Cataract Project [e40]
A. Jamil Tajik, MD
Thomas J. Watson, Jr., Professor; Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics;
Chairman (Emeritus), Zayed Cardiovascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota; Consultant, Cardiovascular Division, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale [222,
e20]
Joel D. Taurog, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, William M. and Gatha Burnett Professor for
Arthritis Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas [318]
Stephen F. Templeton, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta [e10]
Gregory Tino, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of
Medicine; Chief, Pulmonary Clinical Service Hospital of the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia [252]
Zelig A. Tochner, MD
Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology; Clinical Director, Proton Therapy
Project, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia [216]
Gordon F. Tomaselli, MD
David J. Carver Professor of Medicine, Vice Chairman, Department of
Medicine for Research, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore [224, 225]
Mark Topazian, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester [285, e25]
Phillip P. Toskes, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and
Nutrition, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville [306, 307]
Jeffrey M. Trent, PhD
President and Scientific Director, Translational Genomics Research Institute,
Phoenix [79]
Elbert P. Trulock, MD
Professor of Medicine, Rosemary and I. Jerome Flance Professor of Pulmonary
Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis [260]
Hensin Tsao, MD
Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School; Clinical Director,
Melanoma Genetics Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston [83]
Kenneth L. Tyler, MD
Reuler-Lewin Family Professor of Neurology and Professor of Medicine and
Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center; Chief,
Neurology Service, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver [376]
Joseph P. Vacanti, MD
John Homan Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Surgeon-in-Chief,
Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston [69]
Edouard Vannier, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,
Tufts-New England Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston [204]
Gauri R. Varadhachary, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology,
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston [95]
John Varga, MD
Hughes Professor of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine, Chicago [316]
Indre V. Viskontas, PhD
Department of Neurology, Memory, and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco [e6]
Bert Vogelstein, MD
Director, Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics & Therapeutics; Investigator,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Clayton Professor for Oncology &
Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore [79]
Everett E. Vokes, MD
Director, Section of Hematology/Oncology; Vice Chairman for Clinical
Research, Department of Medicine; Deputy Director, Cancer Research Center;
John E. Ultmann Professor of Medicine and Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago School of Medicine,
Chicago [84]
Tamara J. Vokes, MD
Associate Professor, Section of Endocrinology, University of Chicago, Chicago
[349]
C. Fordham von Reyn, MD
Professor of Medicine (Infectious Disease) and International Health; Director,
DARDAR International Programs, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon [160]
Matthew K. Waldor, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine (Microbiology and Molecular Genetics), Channing
Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
[149]
David H. Walker, MD
The Carnage and Martha Walls Distinguished University Chair in Tropical
Diseases; Professor and Chairman, Department of Pathology; Executive
Director, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease, University of
Texas Medical Branch, Galveston [167]
Richard J. Wallace, Jr., MD
Chairman, Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Center at
Tyler, Tyler [161]
B. Timothy Walsh, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia
University; Director, Eating Disorders Research Unit, New York Psychiatric
Institute, New York [76]
Peter D. Walzer, MD, MSc
Associate Chief of Staff for Research, Cincinnati VA Medical Center; Professor
of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati [200]
Fred Wang, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston [170, 176]
Carl V. Washington, Jr., MD
Associate Professor of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine;
Co-Director, Dermatologic Surgery Unit, The Emory Clinic, Atlanta [83]
Anthony P. Weetman, MD, DSc
Professor of Medicine and Dean of the School of Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom [335]
Steven E. Weinberger, MD
Senior Vice President for Medical Education Division, American College of
Physicians; Senior Lecturer on Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Adjunct
Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia [34, 245-247, 252]
Robert A. Weinstein, MD
Professor of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center; Chairman, Infectious
Diseases, Cook County Hospital; Chief Operating Officer, CORE Center,
Chicago [125]
Jeffrey I. Weitz, MD
Professor of Medicine and Biochemistry, McMaster University; Director,
Henderson Research Centre, Heart and Stroke Foundation/J. Fraser Mustard
Chair in Cardiovascular Research; Canada Research Chair (Tier1) in
Thrombosis; Career Investigator, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada [112]
Peter F. Weller, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Co-Chief, Infectious Diseases
Division; Chief, Allergy and Inflammation Division; Vice-Chair for Research,
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston [208-211, 213]
Michael R. Wessels, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Microbiology and Molecular Genetics),
Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's
Hospital, Boston [130]
Lee M. Wetzler, MD
Professor of Medicine, Associate Professor of Microbiology, Boston University
School of Medicine, Boston [136]
Meir Wetzler, MD
Professor of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo [104]
L. Joseph Wheat, MD
President and Director, MiraVista Diagnostics and MiraBella Technology,
Indianapolis [192]
A. Clinton White, Jr., MD
The Paul R. Stalnaker, MD, Distinguished Professor of Internal Medicine;
Director, Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston [213]
Nicholas J. White, DSc
Professor of Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom; Mahidol
University, Bangkok, Thailand [203, e18]
Richard J. Whitley, MD
Loeb Scholar in Pediatrics, Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology, Medicine,
and Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham [173]
Gordon H. Williams, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Cardiovascular
Endocrinology Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [336]
John W. Winkleman, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Medical Director,
Sleep Health Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston [28]
Bruce U. Wintroub, MD
Professor and Chair of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology; Vice Dean,
School of Medicine Dean's Office, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco [56]
Allan W. Wolkoff, MD
Professor of Medicine and Anatomy and Structural Biology; Director, Belfer
Institute for Advanced Biomedical Studies; Associate Chair of Medicine for
Research; Chief, Division of Hepatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx [297]
Louis Michel Wong-Kee-Song, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester [285, e25]
Robert L. Wortmann, MD
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon [353]
Richard Wunderink, MD
Professor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of
Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;
Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Northwestern Memorial Hospital,
Chicago [251]
Joshua Wynne, MD, MBA, MPH
Executive Associate Dean, Professor of Medicine, University of North Dakota
School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks [231]
Kim B. Yancey, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas,
Southwestern, Dallas [52, 55]
Janet A. Yellowitz, DMD, MPH
Associate Professor; Director, Geriatric Dentistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore [e7]
Neal S. Young, MD
Chief, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda [102]
Robert C. Young, MD
Chancellor, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia [93]
Alan S. L. Yu, MB, BChir
Associate Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of
Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles [279]
Victor L. Yu, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh [141]
†Deceased.
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